Capacitor liner

ABSTRACT

A capacitor is presented that includes a housing, an electrode stack, a liner, and a fill port. The liner is located between the housing and the electrode stack. The liner includes a recessed portion. A fill port extends through the housing across from the recessed portion in the liner. A gap is formed between the recessed portion and the fill port.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 11/263,040, filed Oct. 31, 2005 is now U.S. Pat. No. 7,733,631, which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to a capacitor, and more particularly to a liner inside a capacitor.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Implantable medical devices (IMDs) detect and treat a variety of medical conditions in patients. Exemplary IMDs include implantable pulse generators (IPGs) or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) that deliver electrical stimuli to tissue of a patient. ICDs typically include, inter alia, a control module, a capacitor, and a battery that are housed in a hermetically sealed container. When therapy is required by a patient, the control module signals the battery to charge the capacitor, which in turn discharges electrical stimuli to tissue of a patient.

The capacitor includes a case, an electrode stack, an inner liner, and an outer liner. The inner and outer liners surround the electrode stack to mechanically immobilize and prevent the electrode stack from contacting the inside of the case. In the case wall or cover is a fill port or tube, which allows introduction of electrolyte into the case. Electrolyte is a medium that facilitates ionic transport and subsequent segregation at the anode and cathode plates of the electrode stack. Ionic segregation at the anode and cathode plates is necessary to store charge on these plates in the capacitor. To ensure generally uniform ionic transport between the plates, the electrolyte is absorbed by the electrode stack. Absorption of the electrolyte occurs through a process that draws the electrolyte into and out of the case via the fill port. Introduction of electrolyte may be repeated to ensure proper wetting of separators and electrodes (electrode stack). During this process, some conventional outer liners may become repositioned in a manner that may partially block the fill port and prevent efficient flow of electrolyte and gas via the fill port. It is therefore desirable to develop an outer case liner that overcomes this limitation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a capacitor;

FIG. 2 is a top angled perspective view of an exemplary outer liner for the capacitor depicted in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a partial perspective cross-sectional view of a fill port and the outer liner of FIG. 2;

FIGS. 4 and 5 are cutaway views of the outside of the outer line depicted in FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a side view of an exemplary ridge and recessed region formed in the outer liner;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a system to fabricate the liner;

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram for using a capacitor that includes the outer liner;

FIG. 9 is an angled side perspective view of a single liner for a capacitor;

FIGS. 10A and 10B are an angled top perspective views of two embodiments of an outer liner; and

FIGS. 11A and 11B are enlarged perspective views of the outer liner depicted in FIG. 10B.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description of the embodiments is merely exemplary and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. For purposes of clarity, the same reference numbers are used in the drawings to identify similar elements. As used herein, the term “module” refers to an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) and memory that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, or other suitable components that provide the described functionality.

The present invention is directed to an outer liner for a capacitor. The outer liner includes a recessed portion or notch that creates a gap between the outer liner and a fill port to the capacitor. This gap prevents the outer liner from blocking the fill port thereby allowing electrolyte and/or gas to efficiently flow through the fill port. Additionally, a plurality of recessed regions formed in the outer liner further enhances venting of gas and introduction of electrolyte via the fill port.

FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary capacitor 10 for an implantable medical device (IMD). Capacitor 10 includes a housing 12, an electrode stack 14, an inner liner 18, an outer liner 20, a fill port 42 (also referred to as a tube), and a connector 44. Housing 12 is formed of a first portion 13 a welded to a second portion 13 b. Housing 12 also includes apertures 43, 45 in which fill port 42 and connector 44 are coupled thereto, respectively. Inner and outer liners 18, 20 surround electrode stack 14 to prevent direct contact between electrode stack 14 and housing 12.

Electrolyte, introduced inside of housing 12 via fill port 42, contacts inner liner 18, outer liner 20, and electrode stack 14. Electrode stack 14, which comprises a repeated series of an anode plate, a cathode plate, and a separator therebetween, absorbs the electrolyte. Generally, absorption of the electrolyte occurs through a process that repeatedly draws the electrolyte into and out of housing 12 via the fill port. A detailed example of such a configuration and process may be seen with respect to United States Patent Application No. 2003/0199941 to Nielsen et al., and assigned to the assignee of the present invention, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference, in relevant parts. An electrochemical reaction occurs between the electrolyte and the electrode stack 14, which produces a gas and an oxide layer over the plates. Outer liner 20 efficiently vents the gas out of fill port 42.

FIGS. 2 through 6 depict details of outer liner 20 that ensures efficient flow of electrolyte and/or gas via fill port 42. Outer liner 20 has an outer surface 50 and an inner surface 54. Outer liner 20 comprises a bottom portion 56, a substantially curved side 22, and a substantially straight side 24 that possess a generally uniform thickness of about 0.003 inches but may range from about 0.002 inches to about 0.005 inches. Bottom portion 56 lacks an aperture and has a radius that ranges from about 0.919 inches (R1) to about 0.819 inches (R2). Curved and straight sides 22, 24 have a height that ranges from about 0.15 inches to about 0.175 inches. Straight side 24 extends about 1.752 inches and includes a straight portion 26 and a slightly curved cutaway portion 27. Straight portion 26 extends about 1.411 inches. Curved cutaway portion 27 includes a diagonal line 58 that extends from straight potion 26 by a 45° angle.

Curved side 22 includes a recessed portion or notch 28. Recessed portion 28 ensures a gap 40 that ranges from about 0.002 inches to about 0.007 inches between outer liner 20 and fill port 42. Gap 40 prevents outer liner 20 from blocking fill port 42. Referring briefly to FIG. 3, recessed portion 28 is defined by first, second, and third sides 60, 62, 64. First and third sides 60, 64 have a width (W1) of about 0.002 inches to about 0.007 inches, a depth (D1) of about 0.119 inches. Second side 62 has a width (W2) of 0.057 inches and a depth (D2) of about 0.057 inches.

Referring to FIG. 2, curved and straight sides 22, 24 also include a plurality of recessed regions 36 that assist in the efficient flow of electrolyte and/or gas via fill port 42. Recessed regions 36, depicted in greater detail in FIG. 4, are defined by ridges 34 and recessed wall 35.

Generally, outer liner 20 improves the introduction of the electrolyte into capacitor 10 by routing the electrolyte into fill port 42 through gap 40. Gas produced during the electrochemical reaction generally moves inside recessed regions 36, as shown by the ghost line in FIG. 4. The gas then passes through gap 40 out of fill port 42. Recessed regions 36 tend to gradually slow the rate of the gas in order to allow greater evacuation of the gas from capacitor 10.

FIG. 7 is system 100 that automatically produces liner 20. System 100 includes a molding apparatus 102 and a feed stream 106 (e.g. polymer including polysulfone, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide, ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) etc.) such that the subsequently produced outer liner 20 is colorless, which allows an operator to visually detect the subsequent assembly of outer liner 20 with electrode stack 14. Molding apparatus 102 includes a control module 114, a heater 116, and a mold 118. Control module 114 includes instructions for controlling the molding process (e.g. thermoforming process) to produce liner 20. For example, control module 114 causes feed stream 106 (e.g. sheets of thermoplastic film) to be placed or fed into molding apparatus 102. Specifically, feed stream 106 is introduced into a frame (not shown) of, for example, a thermoforming machine. The thermoforming machine automatically repositions feed stream 106 to a heating zone where heat is applied to feed stream 106. When feed stream 106 is sufficiently softened, the thermoforming machine then returns feed stream 106 to a position near mold 118. Immediately mold 118 moves into contact with feed stream 106 and forming occurs.

Mold 118 includes depressions that correspond to ridges 34 and recessed region 28. Formation of liner 20 takes less than 30 seconds from the time in which the feed stream is fed into mold 118. After outer liner 20 is cooled to a certain temperature, outer liner 20 is then ejected from mold 118. Excess thermoplastic material is then trimmed from liner 20.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram for venting gas through a fill port. At operation 200, an electrolyte is introduced via a fill port to a capacitor. At operation 210, the electrolyte may be repeatedly passed through a gap formed by a recessed portion in a liner and the fill port. The recessed portion is directly across from the opening of the fill port. The fill port is not blocked by the outer liner. At operation 220, gas, produced from an electrochemical reaction between the electrolyte and an electrode stack of the capacitor, passes through the gap and out the fill port.

Numerous alternative embodiments may implement the present invention. For example, FIG. 9 illustrates that inner and outer liner depicted in FIG. 1 may also be configured to be a single liner 300. Additionally, while outer liner 20 is depicted with a certain number of recessed regions, (e.g. 28 recessed regions), skilled artisans understand that at least one to various numbers of recessed regions may be formed in liner 20. Another alternate embodiment is depicted in FIG. 10B. In this embodiment, liner 400 includes circumferential channel 402 and subchannel 404, which are lacking in liner 20 shown in FIG. 10A. Circumferential channel 402 and subchannel 404 provide additional routes for electrolyte and/or gas to pass through fill port 42. Circumferential channel 402 entirely surrounds liner 400 and has a depth that ranges from about 0.001 inches to about 0.006 inches. Subchannel 404 has a height of about 0.119 inches and a depth of about 0.003-0.007 inches. While the invention has been described in its presently preferred form, it will be understood that the invention is capable of modification without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. 

1. A capacitor comprising: a housing comprising a fill port; an electrode stack disposed within the housing; and a liner disposed between the housing, wherein the liner prevents contact between the housing and the electrode stack; wherein the liner comprises a recessed portion located between the electrode stack and the fill port, wherein the recessed portion forms a gap located between the liner and the fill port within the area occupied by the recessed portion, and further wherein the recessed portion comprises a first wall, a second wall and a third wall, wherein the second wall is flat and is located directly opposite from the fill port, and wherein the first wall and the third wall are located on opposite sides of the second wall.
 2. A capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the liner comprises a plurality of recessed regions distributed along a side of the liner.
 3. The capacitor of claim 2, wherein the recessed portion is located between two recessed regions of the plurality of recessed regions.
 4. The capacitor of claim 2, wherein each recessed region of the plurality of recessed regions comprises a recessed wall located between a pair of ridges.
 5. The capacitor of claim 2, wherein the liner comprises a straight side and a curved side, and further wherein some recessed regions of the plurality of recessed regions are located on the straight side and some recessed regions of the plurality of recessed regions are located on the curved side. 